Active and Passive Voice


Passive Voice

In traditional grammar, a verb form (or voice) in which the grammatical subject receives the verb's action. Example: "A good time was had by all." Contrast with active voice.
How to construct the passive
1.  Check to see if the active sentence contains an object.
John ate an apple.         (S V O)       Passive is possible.
John ate yesterday.       (S V)          Passive is not possible.
2.  Move the object to the front of the sentence.  Put the original subject in a "be" phrase .
An apple (V) by John
3.  Put the verb in the form "be" +3 (of main verb)
An apple У be Ф eaten by John.
4.  Put the "be" in the same tense as the original active sentence.
An apple was/were eaten by John.  (Past tense)
5.  Make the first verb agree with the new subject.
An apple was eaten by John.
(Put other elements of the sentence in grammatical and logical order.)
Yesterday the large green apple was quickly eaten by John, who didn’t realize that it belonged to his sister.

When other (auxiliary) verbs and modals are used in combination with the passive, remember:


Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The apple
should
Have
been
being
Eaten by John

Combination of auxiliary verbs with the passive
Present Tense

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple



Is eaten
By John

Past Tense

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple



was eaten
By John

Present Progressive Tense

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple


is
Being eaten
By John

Past Tense

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple


was
Being eaten
By John
Present Perfect Tense

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple

have

Been eaten
By John

Present Perfect Progressive

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple

have
Been
Being eaten
By John

Past Perfect Progressive

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple

had
been
Being eaten
By John

Future/Modal

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple
will


be eaten
By John

Future/Modal

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple
Is going to


Be eaten
By John

Modal

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple
Must


Be eaten
By John

Past Modal

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple
Must
have

Been eaten
By John

Combination

Modal + 1
(Modal)
Have + 3
(Perfect)
Be + V-ing
(Progressive)
Be + 3
(Passive)

The Apple
Must
Have
Been
Being eaten
By John

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